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| 1 | +# ╔═════════════════════════════════════╗ |
| 2 | +# ║ Autor: Kenys Alvarado ║ |
| 3 | +# ║ GitHub: https://github.com/Kenysdev ║ |
| 4 | +# ║ 2024 - Python ║ |
| 5 | +# ╚═════════════════════════════════════╝ |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +# ------------------------------------------------- |
| 8 | +# * SOLID: PRINCIPIO ABIERTO-CERRADO (OCP) |
| 9 | +# ------------------------------------------------- |
| 10 | +# - Una entidad de software debería estar abierta a extensión pero cerrada a |
| 11 | +# modificación, esto significa que debemos poder extender el comportamiento de |
| 12 | +# una clase sin necesidad de modificar su código fuente original. |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +""" |
| 15 | +* EJERCICIO #1: |
| 16 | + * Explora el "Principio SOLID Abierto-Cerrado (Open-Close Principle, OCP)" |
| 17 | + * y crea un ejemplo simple donde se muestre su funcionamiento |
| 18 | + * de forma correcta e incorrecta. |
| 19 | +""" |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +# ABC (Abstract Base Class): |
| 22 | +# Para establecer contratos entre clases base y sus 'subclases'. |
| 23 | +# https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/abstract-classes-in-python/ |
| 24 | +from abc import ABC, abstractmethod |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +# Clase base |
| 27 | +class Product(ABC): |
| 28 | + def __init__(self, name, price): |
| 29 | + self.name = name |
| 30 | + self.price = price |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | + @abstractmethod |
| 33 | + def apply_discount(self): |
| 34 | + pass |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | + def final_price(self): |
| 37 | + return self.price - self.apply_discount() |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +# Clases concretas (Nuevas extenciones) |
| 40 | +class ElectronicsProduct(Product): |
| 41 | + def apply_discount(self): |
| 42 | + return self.price * 0.05 # Descuento del 5% |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | +class ClothingProduct(Product): |
| 45 | + def apply_discount(self): |
| 46 | + if self.price > 50: |
| 47 | + return 10 |
| 48 | + else: |
| 49 | + return 0 |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +def process_product(product): |
| 52 | + print(f"Producto: {product.name}, Precio final: {product.final_price()}") |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | +laptop = ElectronicsProduct("Laptop", 700) |
| 55 | +pants = ClothingProduct("Pants", 55) |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +process_product(laptop) # Output: Producto: Laptop, Precio final: 665.0 |
| 58 | +process_product(pants) # Output: Producto: Pants, Precio final: 45 |
| 59 | + |
| 60 | +""" |
| 61 | +* EJERCICIO #2: |
| 62 | +* Desarrolla una calculadora que necesita realizar diversas operaciones matemáticas. |
| 63 | +* Requisitos: |
| 64 | +* - Debes diseñar un sistema que permita agregar nuevas operaciones utilizando el OCP. |
| 65 | +* Instrucciones: |
| 66 | +* 1. Implementa las operaciones de suma, resta, multiplicación y división. |
| 67 | +* 2. Comprueba que el sistema funciona. |
| 68 | +* 3. Agrega una quinta operación para calcular potencias. |
| 69 | +* 4. Comprueba que se cumple el OCP. |
| 70 | +""" |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | +# Clase base |
| 73 | +class Calculator(ABC): |
| 74 | + def __init__(self, a, b): |
| 75 | + if isinstance(a, (int, float)) and isinstance(b, (int, float)): |
| 76 | + self.a = a |
| 77 | + self.b = b |
| 78 | + else: |
| 79 | + self.a = None |
| 80 | + self.b = None |
| 81 | + print("Operación invalida.") |
| 82 | + |
| 83 | + @abstractmethod |
| 84 | + def math_operation(self): |
| 85 | + pass |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | + def print_result(self): |
| 88 | + if self.a is not None and self.b is not None: |
| 89 | + print(f"Es: {self.math_operation()}") |
| 90 | + else: |
| 91 | + print("Campos incorrectos.") |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +# Clases concretas |
| 94 | +class Sum(Calculator): |
| 95 | + def math_operation(self): |
| 96 | + print(f"\nSuma de {self.a} + {self.b}:") |
| 97 | + return self.a + self.b |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +class Subtraction(Calculator): |
| 100 | + def math_operation(self): |
| 101 | + print(f"\nResta de {self.a} - {self.b}:") |
| 102 | + return self.a - self.b |
| 103 | + |
| 104 | +class Multiplication(Calculator): |
| 105 | + def math_operation(self): |
| 106 | + print(f"\nMultiplicación de {self.a} * {self.b}:") |
| 107 | + return self.a * self.b |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +class Division(Calculator): |
| 110 | + def math_operation(self): |
| 111 | + print(f"\nDivisión de {self.a} / {self.b}:") |
| 112 | + return self.a / self.b |
| 113 | + |
| 114 | +class Pow(Calculator): |
| 115 | + def math_operation(self): |
| 116 | + print(f"\nPotencia de {self.a} ^ {self.b}:") |
| 117 | + return self.a ** self.b |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | +sum_ = Sum(2, 2) |
| 120 | +sum_.print_result() |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | +subtraction = Subtraction(2, 2) |
| 123 | +subtraction.print_result() |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | +multip = Multiplication(2, 2) |
| 126 | +multip.print_result() |
| 127 | + |
| 128 | +div = Division(2, 2) |
| 129 | +div.print_result() |
| 130 | + |
| 131 | +pow_ = Pow(2, 2) |
| 132 | +pow_.print_result() |
| 133 | + |
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