Update binary_search.c

algorithms/searching/binary_search.c

@@ -1,43 +1,50 @@
-// C program to implement recursive Binary Search 
-#include <stdio.h> 
-
-// A recursive binary search function. It returns  
-// location of x in given array arr[l..r] is present,  
-// otherwise -1 
-int binarySearch(int arr[], int l, int r, int x) 
-{ 
-   if (r >= l) 
-   { 
-        int mid = l + (r - l)/2; 
-
-        // If the element is present at the middle  
-        // itself 
-        if (arr[mid] == x)   
-            return mid; 
-
-        // If element is smaller than mid, then  
-        // it can only be present in left subarray 
-        if (arr[mid] > x)  
-            return binarySearch(arr, l, mid-1, x); 
-
-        // Else the element can only be present 
-        // in right subarray 
-        return binarySearch(arr, mid+1, r, x); 
-   } 
-
-   // We reach here when element is not  
-   // present in array 
-   return -1; 
-} 
-
-int main(void) //take nothing return something
-{ 
-   int arr[] = {}; //Enter array of elements
-   int n = sizeof(arr)/ sizeof(arr[0]); 
-   int x = 10; 
-   int result = binarySearch(arr, 0, n-1, x); 
-   (result == -1)? printf("Element is not present in array") 
-                 : printf("Element is present at index %d", 
-                                                   result); 
-   return 0; 
-} 
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+// Function to perform binary search on a sorted array
+int binarySearch(int arr[], int size, int target) {
+    // Initializing the left and right pointers for the search range
+    int left = 0, right = size - 1;
+
+    // Loop continues as long as the search range is valid (left <= right)
+    while (left <= right) {
+        // Calculate the mid index to avoid overflow
+        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
+
+        // Check if the target is found at the mid index
+        if (arr[mid] == target) {
+            return mid;  // Target found, return the index
+        }
+
+        // If target is greater than mid element, search the right half
+        if (arr[mid] < target) {
+            left = mid + 1;  // Narrow the search to the right part
+        }
+        // If target is smaller than mid element, search the left half
+        else {
+            right = mid - 1;  // Narrow the search to the left part
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If the target is not found, return -1
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    // Example sorted array
+    int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
+
+    // Target element to search for
+    int target = 5;
+
+    // Call binarySearch function and store the result
+    int result = binarySearch(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]), target);
+
+    // Print the result based on whether the target was found
+    if (result != -1) {
+        printf("Element found at index %d\n", result);
+    } else {
+        printf("Element not found\n");
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}