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sections/02-use-cases.qmd

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@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ Markup Language (KML) for displaying geographic data in Earth browsers. Formats
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suitable for cloud computing also emerged, such as the Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF
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(COG), followed by Zarr and Apache Parquet for array and tabular data,
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respectively. In 2006, the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo,
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https://www.osgeo.org) was established, demonstrating the community's
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[https://www.osgeo.org](https://www.osgeo.org)) was established, demonstrating the community's
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commitment to the development of open-source geospatial technologies. While
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some standards have been developed in the industry (e.g., Keyhole Markup
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Language (KML) by Keyhole Inc., which Google later acquired), they later became
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international standards of the OGC, which now encompasses more than 450
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commercial, governmental, nonprofit, and research organizations working
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together on the development and implementation of open standards
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(https://www.ogc.org).
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[https://www.ogc.org](https://www.ogc.org).
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## Neuroscience
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Another interesting use case for open-source standards is community/citizen
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science. An early example of this approach is OpenStreetMap
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(https://www.openstreetmap.org), which allows users to contribute to the
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project development with code and data and freely use the maps and other
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related geospatial datasets. But this example is not unique. Overall, this
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approach has grown in the last 20 years and has been adopted in many different
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fields. It has many benefits for both the research field that harnesses the
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energy of non-scientist members of the community to engage with scientific
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data, as well as to the community members themselves who can draw both
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knowledge and pride in their participation in the scientific endeavor. It is
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also recognized that unique broader benefits are accrued from this mode of
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scientific research, through the inclusion of perspectives and data that would
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not otherwise be included. To make data accessible to community scientists, and
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to make the data collected by community scientists accessible to professional
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scientists, it needs to be provided in a manner that can be created and
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accessed without specialized instruments or specialized knowledge. Here,
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standards are needed to facilitate interactions between an in-group of expert
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researchers who generate and curate data and a broader set of out-group
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[https://www.openstreetmap.org](https://www.openstreetmap.org), which allows
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users to contribute to the project development with code and data and freely
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use the maps and other related geospatial datasets. But this example is not
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unique. Overall, this approach has grown in the last 20 years and has been
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adopted in many different fields. It has many benefits for both the research
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field that harnesses the energy of non-scientist members of the community to
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engage with scientific data, as well as to the community members themselves who
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can draw both knowledge and pride in their participation in the scientific
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endeavor. It is also recognized that unique broader benefits are accrued from
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this mode of scientific research, through the inclusion of perspectives and
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data that would not otherwise be included. To make data accessible to community
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scientists, and to make the data collected by community scientists accessible
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to professional scientists, it needs to be provided in a manner that can be
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created and accessed without specialized instruments or specialized knowledge.
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Here, standards are needed to facilitate interactions between an in-group of
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expert researchers who generate and curate data and a broader set of out-group
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enthusiasts who would like to make meaningful contributions to the science.
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This creates a particularly stringent constraint on transparency and simplicity
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of standards. Creating these standards in a manner that addresses these unique

sections/05-recommendations.qmd

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@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ can rely. For example, it is now clear that governance principles and rules can
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mitigate some of the risks and challenges mentioned in @sec-challenges,
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especially for communities beyond a certain size that need to converge toward a
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new standard or rely on an existing standard. Developers and maintainers should
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review existing governance practices such as [The Open Source
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Way](https://www.theopensourceway.org/the_open_source_way-guidebook-2.0.html#_project_and_community_governance).
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review existing governance practices such as [The Open Source Way](https://www.theopensourceway.org/the_open_source_way-guidebook-2.0.html#_project_and_community_governance).
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### Foster meta-standards development
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complexity-impeded adoption. Surveying and documenting the success and failures
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of current standards for a specific dataset / domain can help disseminate
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knowledge about the standardization process. Resources such as
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[Fairsharing](https://fairsharing.org/) or [Digital Curation
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Center](https://www.dcc.ac.uk/guidance/standards) can help guide this process.
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[Fairsharing](https://fairsharing.org/) or [Digital Curation Center](https://www.dcc.ac.uk/guidance/standards)
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can help guide this process.
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### Develop standards in tandem with standards-associated software
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at Universities or other research organizations). Similar to program officers
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at funding agencies, standards evolution need sustained PM efforts. Multi-party
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partnerships should include strategic initiatives for standard establishment
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such as the Pistoia Alliance (https://www.pistoiaalliance.org/).
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such as the Pistoia Alliance [https://www.pistoiaalliance.org/](https://www.pistoiaalliance.org/).

sections/07-participants.qmd

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# Appendix: List of participants
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\newpage
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# Appendix: List of participants {.appendix}
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| Name | Affiliation |
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|---------------------------|--------------------------------------|

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