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Merge pull request mouredev#6001 from eulogioep/main
#26 y 27 Kotlin
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‎Roadmap/26 - SOLID SRP/kotlin/eulogioep.kt

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/*
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* Principio de Responsabilidad Única (SRP)
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*
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* El Principio de Responsabilidad Única es el primer principio de SOLID y establece que una clase
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* debe tener una, y solo una, razón para cambiar. En otras palabras, una clase debe tener una
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* única responsabilidad bien definida.
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*
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* Este principio promueve la modularidad, facilita el mantenimiento y mejora la legibilidad del código.
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* Cuando una clase tiene múltiples responsabilidades, se vuelve más difícil de entender, modificar y probar.
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*/
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// Definiciones de datos comunes
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data class Book(val title: String, val author: String, var availableCopies: Int)
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data class User(val name: String, val id: String, val email: String)
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data class Loan(val user: User, val book: Book)
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// Versión que no cumple con SRP
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class LibraryWithoutSRP {
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private val books = mutableListOf<Book>()
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private val users = mutableListOf<User>()
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private val loans = mutableListOf<Loan>()
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fun addBook(title: String, author: String, copies: Int) {
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books.add(Book(title, author, copies))
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}
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fun registerUser(name: String, id: String, email: String) {
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users.add(User(name, id, email))
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}
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fun loanBook(userId: String, bookTitle: String) {
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val user = users.find { it.id == userId }
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val book = books.find { it.title == bookTitle }
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if (user != null && book != null && book.availableCopies > 0) {
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loans.add(Loan(user, book))
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book.availableCopies--
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}
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}
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fun returnBook(userId: String, bookTitle: String) {
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val loan = loans.find { it.user.id == userId && it.book.title == bookTitle }
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if (loan != null) {
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loans.remove(loan)
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loan.book.availableCopies++
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}
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}
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}
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// Versión refactorizada que cumple con SRP
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class BookManager {
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private val books = mutableListOf<Book>()
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fun addBook(title: String, author: String, copies: Int) {
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books.add(Book(title, author, copies))
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}
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fun findBook(title: String): Book? = books.find { it.title == title }
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}
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class UserManager {
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private val users = mutableListOf<User>()
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fun registerUser(name: String, id: String, email: String) {
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users.add(User(name, id, email))
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}
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fun findUser(id: String): User? = users.find { it.id == id }
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}
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class LoanManager {
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private val loans = mutableListOf<Loan>()
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fun loanBook(user: User, book: Book) {
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if (book.availableCopies > 0) {
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loans.add(Loan(user, book))
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book.availableCopies--
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}
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}
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fun returnBook(user: User, book: Book) {
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val loan = loans.find { it.user == user && it.book == book }
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if (loan != null) {
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loans.remove(loan)
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book.availableCopies++
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}
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}
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}
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class Library(
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private val bookManager: BookManager,
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private val userManager: UserManager,
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private val loanManager: LoanManager
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) {
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fun addBook(title: String, author: String, copies: Int) {
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bookManager.addBook(title, author, copies)
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}
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fun registerUser(name: String, id: String, email: String) {
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userManager.registerUser(name, id, email)
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}
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fun loanBook(userId: String, bookTitle: String) {
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val user = userManager.findUser(userId)
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val book = bookManager.findBook(bookTitle)
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if (user != null && book != null) {
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loanManager.loanBook(user, book)
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}
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}
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fun returnBook(userId: String, bookTitle: String) {
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val user = userManager.findUser(userId)
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val book = bookManager.findBook(bookTitle)
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if (user != null && book != null) {
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loanManager.returnBook(user, book)
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}
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}
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}
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// Uso del sistema refactorizado
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fun main() {
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val bookManager = BookManager()
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val userManager = UserManager()
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val loanManager = LoanManager()
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val library = Library(bookManager, userManager, loanManager)
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library.addBook("1984", "George Orwell", 5)
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library.registerUser("EulogioEP", "001", "[email protected]")
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library.loanBook("001", "1984")
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library.returnBook("001", "1984")
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}

‎Roadmap/27 - SOLID OCP/kotlin/eulogioep.kt

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/*
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* Principio Abierto-Cerrado (OCP) de SOLID
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*
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* El principio OCP establece que las entidades de software (clases, módulos, funciones, etc.)
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* deben estar abiertas para la extensión, pero cerradas para la modificación. Esto significa
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* que debemos poder extender el comportamiento de una clase sin modificar su código existente.
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*
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* En este ejemplo, demostraremos cómo aplicar el OCP en el diseño de una calculadora,
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* permitiendo agregar nuevas operaciones sin modificar el código existente.
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*/
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// Interfaz que define la operación matemática
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interface Operation {
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fun execute(a: Double, b: Double): Double
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}
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// Implementaciones de las operaciones básicas
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class Addition : Operation {
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override fun execute(a: Double, b: Double) = a + b
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}
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class Subtraction : Operation {
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override fun execute(a: Double, b: Double) = a - b
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}
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class Multiplication : Operation {
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override fun execute(a: Double, b: Double) = a * b
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}
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class Division : Operation {
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override fun execute(a: Double, b: Double): Double {
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if (b == 0.0) throw IllegalArgumentException("Cannot divide by zero")
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return a / b
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}
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}
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// Calculadora que utiliza el principio OCP
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class Calculator {
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private val operations = mutableMapOf<String, Operation>()
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fun addOperation(name: String, operation: Operation) {
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operations[name] = operation
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}
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fun calculate(a: Double, b: Double, operationName: String): Double {
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val operation = operations[operationName]
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?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Operation not supported")
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return operation.execute(a, b)
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}
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}
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// Ejemplo de uso y prueba
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fun main() {
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val calculator = Calculator()
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// Agregar operaciones básicas
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calculator.addOperation("add", Addition())
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calculator.addOperation("subtract", Subtraction())
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calculator.addOperation("multiply", Multiplication())
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calculator.addOperation("divide", Division())
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// Probar operaciones básicas
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println("5 + 3 = ${calculator.calculate(5.0, 3.0, "add")}")
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println("5 - 3 = ${calculator.calculate(5.0, 3.0, "subtract")}")
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println("5 * 3 = ${calculator.calculate(5.0, 3.0, "multiply")}")
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println("6 / 3 = ${calculator.calculate(6.0, 3.0, "divide")}")
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// Agregar una nueva operación (potencia) sin modificar el código existente
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class Power : Operation {
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override fun execute(a: Double, b: Double) = Math.pow(a, b)
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}
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calculator.addOperation("power", Power())
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// Probar la nueva operación
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println("2^3 = ${calculator.calculate(2.0, 3.0, "power")}")
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}

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